RETURN
IOM defines two main types of return migration as follows:
- Voluntary return - is “the assisted or independent return to the country of origin, transit or another country based on the voluntary decision of the returnee”
- Forced return - “a migratory movement which, although the drivers can be diverse, involves force, compulsion, or coercion.”
Data on forced return and on voluntary return are scattered across different data sources and are often incomplete or only partially publicly available.
Voluntary returns can be either spontaneous or assisted:
- Spontaneous return is “the voluntary, independent return of a migrant or a group of migrants to their country of origin, usually without the support of States or other international or national assistance”.
- Assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) is the "administrative, logistical or financial support, including reintegration assistance, to migrants unable or unwilling to remain in the host country or country of transit and who decide to return to their country of origin".
- Voluntary humanitarian return (VHR) is the application of assisted voluntary return and reintegration principles in humanitarian settings and “often represents a life-saving measure for migrants who are stranded or in detention” .
Assisted Voluntary Return (AVR) is a measure that offers irregularly present non-EU citizens as well as regular migrants belonging to vulnerable categories, such as asylum seekers, the possibility to receive help to voluntarily return in security conditions and with adequate assistance. The number of AVRR beneficiaries assisted by IOM increased by 24 per cent, from 43,428 in 2021 to 54,001 in 2022.
From 2016, different agencies are working to develop common guidelines to monitoring and evaluating the impact of reintegration of returnees in countries of origin, that Member States can apply on a voluntary basis. These documents take in account economical, social and psychosocial dimensions, allowing a comparison of trends in returnees’ reintegration across country contexts and over time.
WE PROPOSE intends to involve women who have returned to Morocco and Tunisia, also looking at the impact of RVA on business start-up paths and real integration in the context of origin.